COCOMO
C program example-cocomo ii. This C example program is using COCOMO II model to estimate the duration (month) and people required to complete a software project. The program asks for inputting the file name that contains C, C, C#, or Java code. Then it counts the number of lines of source code (excluding blank and comment-lines) in the file. COCOMO (Constructive Cost Model) is a model that allows software project managers to estimate project cost and duration. It was developed initially (COCOMO 81) by Barry Boehm in the early eighties 2). The COCOMO II 1) model is a COCOMO 81 update to address software development practices in the 1990's and 2000's. The model is by now invigorative software engineering artifact that has, from customer perspective, the following features.
Project Types/DevelopmentMode
1. Organic
2. Semi Detached
3. Embedded
COCOMOModels
1. Basic Model
2. Intermediate Model
3. Detail Model
Given below are the formulae for effort estimation forBASICVersion’s modes.
Organic: | E = 3.2 x (size inKLOC)1.05 |
Semi Detached: | E = 3.0 x (size inKLOC)1.12 |
Embedded : | E = 2.8 x(size inKLOC)1.20 |
Given below are the formulae to calculate the Time requiredforproject schedule.
Organic: | T = 2.5 x(Effort).38 |
Semi Detached: | T = 2.5 x(Effort).35 |
Embedded : | T = 2.5 x(Effort).32 |
Formula to calculate the number of people is...
Total number of people needed= Effort / Total timetodevelop
Given below are the formulae for effort estimationforIntermediate Version’s modes.
Organic: | E=EAF*3.2*(KLOC)1.05 |
Semi Detached: | E = EAF*3.0 x(KLOC)1.12 |
Embedded : | E = EAF*2.8 x(KLOC)1.20 |
Given below are the formulae to calculate the Time requiredforproject schedule.
Organic: | T = 2.5 x(Effort).38 |
Semi Detached: | T = 2.5 x(Effort).35 |
Embedded : | T = 2.5 x(Effort).32 |
AssignmentQuestions
Q#1: Your team is asked to developcriticalsoftware of health insurance system, as the project iscomplex andsensitive related to the Insurance of health so there isno chanceof error. If the size of the project is33200LOC then calculatethe“Effort” in person month,and“Time” required to develop (Schedule)theSoftware in months, with the number of people required tocompletethe project using “OrganicDevelopmentMode”. [15]
Q#2: A project estimated sizeis15000LOC and it is an accounting SW. Calculatethe“Effort” in person monthand“Time” to develop it, with the numberof peoplerequired to complete the project using“IntermediateVersion’sMode”. [15]
COCOMO-II is the revised version of the original Cocomo (Constructive Cost Model) and is developed at University of Southern California. It is the model that allows one to estimate the cost, effort and schedule when planning a new software development activity.
It consists of three sub-models:
1. End User Programming:
Application generators are used in this sub-model. End user write the code by using these application generators.
Example – Spreadsheets, report generator, etc.
Application generators are used in this sub-model. End user write the code by using these application generators.
Example – Spreadsheets, report generator, etc.
2. Intermediate Sector:
- (a). Application Generators and Composition Aids –
This category will create largely prepackaged capabilities for user programming. Their product will have many reusable components. Typical firms operating in this sector are Microsoft, Lotus,
Oracle, IBM, Borland, Novell. - (b). Application Composition Sector –
This category is too diversified and to be handled by prepackaged solutions. It includes GUI, Databases, domain specific components such as financial, medical or industrial process control packages. - (c). System Integration –
This category deals with large scale and highly embedded systems.
3. Infrastructure Sector:
This category provides infrastructure for the software development like Operating System, Database Management System, User Interface Management System, Networking System, etc.
This category provides infrastructure for the software development like Operating System, Database Management System, User Interface Management System, Networking System, etc.
Stages of COCOMO II:
- Stage-I:
It supports estimation of prototyping. For this it uses Application Composition Estimation Model. This model is used for the prototyping stage of application generator and system integration. - Stage-II:
It supports estimation in the early design stage of the project, when we less know about it. For this it uses Early Design Estimation Model. This model is used in early design stage of application generators, infrastructure, system integration. - Stage-III:
It supports estimation in the post architecture stage of a project. For this it uses Post Architecture Estimation Model. This model is used after the completion of the detailed architecture of application generator, infrastructure, system integration.
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